航空货运三种运输方式哪种快？

Which is the three way of air freight transportation fast?

在空运的询价中，客户最关心的两个方面大概就是价格和服务，而这里的服务多指的是货物运输的时效。通常情况下路径、航班频率、载量、距离这四大因素对时效起了决定性的作用，那么这些因素又是如何影响全程时间的呢？我们今天就来分析一下这个问题。

In the air inquiry, the two most concerned customers are price and service, and the service here refers to the limitation of goods transportation. Usually, the four factors such as path, flight frequency, load and distance play a decisive role in aging, and how do these factors affect the whole time? We'll analyze the problem today.

首先我们来看看最为常见的三条路径的定义（以下概念基于货物运输）

First of all, let's take a look at the definition of the three most common paths (the following concept is based on freight transport).

01

01

直达

Straight up

指中途不必换飞机且飞机中途不停靠而直接到达目的地。

It means that there is no need to change planes in midcourse, and that the aircraft will arrive directly at the destination without stopping.

截止2017年，连续飞行18小时已经是世界上飞行时间最长的记录了。因此，直达航班的全程时间是不会超过这个记录的，如果你选择的是直达航班，那就直接告诉你的客户，此票货物的全程运输时间就是1天，当然如果你有直达航班的时刻表，那么可以把运输时间精确到小时。当然我们说的时效是实际起飞---降落的时间，如果按照计划起飞时间开始算的话，估计我们都要变成胖子了-----食言而肥，毕竟时下航班延误是一个太为普遍的现象了。

As of 2017, continuous flight for 18 hours has been the longest flight time in the world. Therefore, the whole time of a direct flight will not exceed this record. If you choose a direct flight, tell your customer directly that the whole time of the shipment is 1 days. Of course, if you have a time table for direct flights, the time of transportation can be accurate to the hour. Of course, we say the timeliness is the actual takeoff - the time of landing, if the scheduled takeoff time, we are expected to become fat - - - - - after all, flight delays are a common phenomenon.

02

02

经停

stop over

指飞机经过某地加油或上下客人、货物后再继续前往目的地。国际航班（客机/客货机）一般停留45分钟至两小时，如果是全货机航班，可能会停留超过12小时，毕竟全货机上下货物的量是远远大于一般的客机或者客货机的。计算时效的时候，只要在直飞的时间上+停留时间就差不多了。

The aircraft continues to go to the destination after refueling or up and down the guests and goods. International flights (airliner / passenger and freight machine) usually stay from 45 minutes to two hours. If it is a full cargo flight, it may stay over 12 hours. After all, the quantity of cargo on the whole cargo aircraft is far greater than that of the general passenger or passenger and cargo aircraft. When calculating the time limit, only the time of direct flight + residence time is almost the same.

03

03

中转

transfer

指从始发地到目的地，经过一个或多个地点更换运输工具（可以是飞机、也可以是卡车）后再运输最终到目的地过程。换成大白话就是说，从始发地出发后可以经过A、B、C……中转港，而每经过一个中转港，货物都可能被从前一个飞机或卡车上卸下后装上新的飞机或者卡车后再继续运往下一个中转港（如果是没有被卸下而只是停留那请参考经停的定义），直到被运至目的港为止。

The process of transportation to the destination from the originating place to the destination, after one or more locations are replaced by a vehicle (which can be an aircraft or a truck). In other words, from the beginning, you can go through A, B, C... At a transfer port, the goods can be shipped to the next transit port after a transit port is unloaded from the previous aircraft or truck and then continue to the next transfer port (if it is not unloaded but just stay there, please refer to the definition of the stop) until it is shipped to the port of destination.

PS:这个要补充一个概念，很多人会有一个直觉反应就是航空货运应该全程都是使用飞机运输货物，但其实在实际的航空货运中飞机+卡车的模式是非常正常且普遍的。

PS: to add a concept, a lot of people will have an intuitive response that air cargo should be transported by aircraft all the way, but in actual air freight, the model of aircraft + trucks is very normal and universal.

了解了三条主要路径的概念，我们已经可以大致估算路径1和路径2所需要的时间，而路径3中转的时效由于同另外三个因素相互作用，我们还需要再分解开来看看。

In understanding the concept of three main paths, we can roughly estimate the time required for path 1 and path 2, and the prescription of the path 3, because of the interaction with the other three factors, needs to be further decomposed.

假设有票货物需要从A机场------D机场。

Suppose that the ticket goods need to be from A Airport ------D airport.

中转的时效同中转次数有直接的关系 ，即 A-B-D路线肯定是快于A-B-C-D这样的路线，毕竟中间少了一个转运点。

The time limit for transfer is directly related to the number of transfers, that is, the A-B-D route must be faster than A-B-C-D. After all, there is a transhipment point in the middle.

中转同航班频率的关系

The relationship between the transfer and the frequency of the flight

A-B-D的线路，B-D两地间假设有2个航班可以提供服务，航班X频率是每天，而航班Y的频率是每周2 /6，假设A-B是周2航班，则B点---D点，如果选择航班X则最快可以赶上周三的航班，而如果选择航班Y则最快只能赶上周六飞往D地的航班，这样同票货物因为选择的航班不一样，最后全程的运输时间要相差3天。将飞机换成卡车也是一样道理。可见航班频率对货物运输时间的影响有多大了。

A-B-D line, B-D between 2 flights can provide services, flight X frequency is daily, and flight Y frequency of 2 /6 per week, assuming A-B is week 2 flight, B point ---D point, if the flight X is the fastest to catch the Wednesday flight, and if the flight Y is the fastest only to catch the Saturday flight to D only flight. In this way, the whole journey time will be 3 days different from that of the ticket. The same is true of changing the plane into a truck. We can see how big the flight frequency affects the freight transportation time.

中转同载量的关系

The relationship between the transfer of the same load

刚说到中转同航班频率的关系时我们是假设能赶上最近的航班的情况，但现实情况往往是最近的一个航班可用载量不够，即我们通常说的舱位已经被占，只能上后续的航班，意味着一样选择航班X,载量充足的情况下，周二到达B地，最早能赶周六航班，但是载量不足的情况就只能赶下周二的航班，这样两种情况到港时间就相差3天。

When it comes to the relationship between the transfer and the flight frequency, we assume that we can catch the latest flight, but the reality is that the latest flight is not available, that is, we usually say that the space is already occupied and can only go to the next flight, meaning the same choice of flight X, when the load is sufficient, it arrives at B on Tuesday. The earliest flights can be made on Saturday, but the shortage of capacity can only catch up with the next Tuesday's flights, so that the difference between the two cases is 3 days.

中转于距离的关系

The relationship between distance and distance

通常是在转运工具是卡车时影响尤为明显，因为如果是飞机中转，无论转运的2个点距离如何远，1天时间也都到达了，感觉不是很明显。

The effect is especially obvious when the transfer tool is a truck, because if it is a transit, no matter how far the 2 points are transported and 1 days, it is not very obvious.

但是如果是卡车的话，由于卡车有固定的速度，距离越远需要的时间肯定会更长，且国外卡车的运行时间是有限制的，一般不超过8小时，而正常时速不操作80km/h，那么一天大概也就能走640Km。由此距离远近对时效的影响可见一斑了。

But if it is a truck, because the truck has a fixed speed, the longer the distance needs will be longer, and the running time of the foreign truck is limited, generally not more than 8 hours, and normal speed does not operate 80km/h, then a day can probably walk 640Km. The effect of distance on aging is obvious.